print cmd.get_color_indices()
will retrieve the Pymol color names and corresponding internal color indices. The Pymol names can be used to designate color for objects, see Color. To retrieve a single index for a specific color name, use get_color_index instead.
print cmd.get_color_tuple(index-number)
The color index, an integer, gets returned when color is returned while employing Iterate. You can thus use the get_color_tuple command above to convert that to RGB color values if you need to use the colors outside Pymol.
set_color color-name, [r,b,g]
will create a new color that will appear in the GUI list. From the
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